ABSTRACT
Evidence from the literature shows that well-controlled glucose levels during pregnancy are usually associated with normal placental morphology. The aim of this study was to identify the lacental changes attributed to maternal hyperglycemia. A total of 20 placentae were selected for study from a tertiary care medical center in Makkah city, Saudi Arabia. Out of 20, 10 placentae were from patients diagnosed with GDM based on IADSPG criteria, and 10 placentae were from patients with normal pregnancies without GDM. The morphometric measurements were recorded. The mean weight of GDM placentae were more than the normal placentae. Upon histopathology, significant changes such as syncytial knots, cytotrophoblastic cell proliferation, fibrinoid necrosis, stromal fibrosis, and hyalinized villi were observed in GDM placentae. GDM produces significant morphological alterations in the placentae, which might affect the developing fetus.
La evidencia de la literatura muestra que niveles de glucosa bien controlados durante el embarazo generalmente se asocian con una morfología placentaria normal. El objetivo de este estudio fue identificar los cambios placentarios atribuidos a la hiperglucemia materna. Un total de 20 placentas fueron seleccionadas para un estudio en un centro médico de atención terciaria en la ciudad de La Meca, Arabia Saudita. De 20 placentas, 10 de estas fueron de pacientes diagnosticadas con diabetes mellitus gestacional (DMG) según los criterios de IADSPG, y 10 placentas fueron de pacientes con embarazos normales sin DMG. Las mediciones morfométricas fueron registradas. El peso medio de las placentas GDM fue mayor que la placenta normal. Tras la histopatología, se observaron cambios significativos tales como nudos sincitiales, proliferación celular citotrofoblástica, necrosis fibrinoide, fibrosis estromal y vellosidades hialinizadas en placenta con DMG. La DMG produce alteraciones morfológicas significativas en las placentas, que pueden afectar al desarrollo del feto.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Placenta/pathology , Diabetes, Gestational/pathology , Organ Size , Trophoblasts/pathology , Chorionic Villi/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective: To analyse the clinicopathological spectrum of synovial sarcoma cases presenting in our institution. Study Design: Descriptive case series. Place and Duration of study: Armed Forces Institute of Pathology [AFIP] Rawalpindi, from Jan 2010 to Jan 2015
Material and Methods: All cases of synovial sarcoma diagnosed on histopathological examination were recovered from the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology [AFIP] laboratory information management system. The inclusion criteria consisted of optimally processed Haematoxylin and Eosin stained slides. Positive immunohistochemistry for epithelial membrane antigen/cytokeratin and CD99. Both genders were included. Patients' gender, age, tumour size, site, histological subtype, grade, microscopic margin status, depth and stage were noted. The data were analysed using SPSS Version 21. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for qualitative data and the standard deviation and mean for quantitative data
Results: Sixty-seven cases of synovial sarcoma [SS] were included in this study. The mean age of the patients was 35.1 years, with males at 55.2%. The most common site was the lower extremity 41.8%. The average size was 8.5 cm. The most common stage was pT2b [64.2%]. Monophasic histological subtype was more common at 58.2%. Grade 2 tumours were 77.6%. Microscopic positive margins were 30.0%. Specimens that were fragmented or not oriented properly were 33.3%
Conclusion: The clinicopathological spectrum of synovial sarcoma in our institution is similar to that of other parts of the world. This study has highlighted that a significant proportion [33.3%] of resection specimens were fragmented or unmarked; therefore surgical margins could not be evaluated in these cases, increasing the chances of inadequate surgeries
ABSTRACT
Oral cancer is one of the leading cause of cancer in India, new diagnostic modalities for early diagnosis and treatment will increase the survival of the patients. The present study was carried out with an aim to evaluate salivary levels of EGFR in oral cancer and pre-cancer as tumor marker. For this purpose an observational case-control study was carried out in which a total of 72 subjects were enrolled.Of these 24 (33.3%) were patients of premalignant oral lesions and 24 (33.3%) were patients of malignant oral lesions& 24 (33.3%) subjects were normal healthy controls. Demographic information and clinical data was obtained, estimation for EGFR was performed in saliva. In premalignant cases, buccal mucosa was the most common site involved (87.50%) whereas in malignant cases tongue was the most common site involved (n=10;41.67%). Mean salivary EGFR levels were higher in malignant cases (0.23±0.17 pg/ml) and low in controls (0.10±0.19 pg/ml). Mean EGFR levels in premalignant cases were 0.12±0.22 pg/ml. statistically, this difference was not significant (p=0.052). Statistically, no significant difference in mean EGFR levels among different TNM stages could be seen (p=0.145). EGFR levels showed a potential to discriminate between malignant and premalignanat cases but this difference was statistical insignificant due to lower sample size.
ABSTRACT
Objective: to determine the frequency of allergic contact dermatitis in patients with hand eczema by using patch test
Material and Methods: this was a descriptive case study conducted at the Department of Dermatology, SIMS/Services Hospital, Lahore. Fifty patients with the clinical suspicion of allergic contact dermatitis of hand, aged 12 years and above of either sex were enrolled. Patients with active eczema, using oral corticosteroids and other immune-suppressive drugs as well as pregnant females were excluded from the study. The allergens used were from European Standard Series, from corticosteroid and cutaneous drug reaction series
Results: there were 50 patients, 25 males and 25 females. Their age ranged from 16 to 66 years, Mean duration of disease was 3 years. Regarding occupation there were 15 house-wives, 7 masons, 7 shopkeepers, 4 factory workers, 4 students, 4 teachers, 3 doctors and others. A personal or family history of atopy was seen in 2 [4%] patients. Thirty patients [60%] reacted positively to various allergens, 14 [28%] patients to fragrance mix, 8 [16%] to potassium dichromate, 7 [14%] patients to nickel sulphate, 7 [14%] patients to paraben mix, 6 [12%] patients to phenylenediamine, 5 [10%] patients to cobalt chloride, 4 [8%] patients to mercapto mix and 4[8%] patients to propylene glycol and others
Conclusion: patients with hand eczema should be subjected to patch test with various allergens determine its cause and measures taken to avoid them
ABSTRACT
We assessed the safety and complications related to percutaneous tracheostomy [PCT] without bronchoscopic guidance in our intensive care unit [ICU]. The prospective data over a period of 24 months were collected for patients who underwent PCT. Major, minor and long-term complications were recorded. The parameters recorded were: age, gender, Glasgow Coma Scale / [GCS] score on the day of tracheostomy, acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II [APACHE] score, and predicted mortality based on score on admission and on the day of procedure, total number of days in the hospital before the final outcome, number of successful decannulations and mortality. The patients were stratified in two groups of survivors and nonsurvivors. A total of 117 patients underwent PCT. Overall mean GCS and APACHE-II scores before PCT were 7 +/- 3 and 16 +/- 5, respectively. The only significant difference was APACHE-II score and the predicted mortality based on APACHE-II score on the day of PCT, which was higher amounts the nonsurvivors [P=0.008 and P=0.006]. All 57 [495] survivors were successfully decannulated with mean post tracheostomy days of 24 +/- 15. The major complication observed was three episodes of major bleeding. Only six patients had an episode of desaturation during the procedure and there were three episodes of accidental puncturing of endotracheal [ET] tube pressure cuff. During subsequent follow-up in hospital, six patients developed stoaml cellulitis. PCT without bronchoscopic guidance can be performed safely by carefully selecting patients and having an experienced team High APACHE score on the day of procedure may lead to poor outcome